Early childhood tooth decay: Should you be concerned? Published Feb. 20, 2009 By Lisa M. Esparza, 377th Dental Squadron KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, New Mexico -- A cavity in primary or baby teeth is a serious matter. Children are susceptible to dental decay (cavities) as soon as the tooth erupts through the gums. Primary and permanent teeth have distinct functions; they allow us to chew our food and properly articulate words. If a child is under the age of seven, with two or more cavities, the diagnosis is defined as early childhood caries. ECC is an infectious disease process and parents must understand the importance of early intervention to keep your child's smile healthy and happy. Primary teeth are normally small and if left untreated, dental decay can destroy the tooth structure quite rapidly. Decayed primary teeth can affect the development of the permanent adult teeth. Early childhood decay usually occurs on the upper front teeth, and often progresses to the molars. This condition used to be referred to as "baby bottle decay," because children were given bottles and sipping cups with sweetened liquids at bedtime. Recent studies have proven that the cause of childhood decay results from the length of time and frequency sugary foods or liquids are left on the tooth surface. A child's likelihood for decay is determined by diet and effective removal of harmful plaque buildup. Two essential components to avoid cavities are a nutritious diet and good brushing and flossing techniques. Milk, infant formula, fruit juices, soda and starches are the primary culprits in early childhood decay. These liquids and foods are fermentable carbohydrates that contribute to dental decay. The longer and more frequent the exposures, the greater the potential for damage to the teeth. This destruction of tooth enamel can start as occasional sensitivity and, if left untreated, can evolve into a nerve infection. Another important point to remember is that ECC can have a negative impact on a child's appearance and self-esteem. The bacteria that cause early childhood caries is infectious. Poor oral hygiene in pregnant mothers or the transfer of harmful bacteria between mothers and infants is a concern. Studies prove that mothers experiencing untreated tooth decay are four times more likely to have children who are susceptible to developing early childhood cavities. The relationship between a mother's oral health and that of her child cannot be overlooked. Some measures parents can take to prevent early childhood caries: · After each feeding, wipe the baby's teeth and gums with a soft clean damp washcloth. · Brush their teeth as soon as the first tooth appears, clean and massage their gums in all the other areas that are toothless. · If your child needs comfort at bed or naptimes, give the child a clean pacifier recommended by your dentist or physician. · Examine teeth by lifting a child's lip to look for decay on the outside and inside surfaces at least once a month. · Only use plain water in a bottle at nap or bedtime. · Parents should never taste or eat from the same spoon as their children to avoid the transfer of harmful bacteria. Children need their parents to intervene if they suspect a dental problem. Dental decay is a preventable disease. With proper home care, nutritious diet and adhering to specific recommendations from your dentist and dental hygienist you can keep your child's teeth free from cavities. For more information or if you have questions, contact your dentist, dental hygienist or call the 377th Dental Squadron at 846-3027.